A brand new armed group referred to as Lakurawa is attacking villages in distant corners of northwestern Nigeria and throughout the border in Niger, posing new threats to 2 nations that already endure from protracted battle involving a number of different teams, together with Boko Haram.
In November, the Nigerian military acknowledged for the primary time the existence of Lakurawa and mentioned its members had been working from headquarters within the nation’s Sokoto and Kebbi states.
Assaults by the group have killed dozens of individuals, and at the least 9 suspected members are identified and have been declared needed by the Nigerian military.
The northern area is among the hottest beds of violence in Nigeria, with its states experiencing a poisonous mixture of armed assaults, kidnappings and banditry in recent times. The Nigerian military has additionally been grappling with a long-running battle with the Boko Haram armed group within the northeast for greater than a decade.
Strained relations between Nigeria and Niger, stemming from Niger’s coup d’etat in July 2023, have additionally affected joint navy operations and given the Lakurawa group extra room to develop, officers say.
Right here’s what to know in regards to the group:
Who’s Lakurawa?
In response to Nigerian military officers, Lakurawa fighters are believed to initially be from troubled Mali, a Sahelian nation that’s at the moment beneath hearth from a swarm of transnational armed teams looking for territory to manipulate.
Teams like Jama’at Nusrat al-Islam wal-Muslimin (JNIM) and ISIL affiliate within the Higher Sahara are a few of the armed teams destabilising Mali.
Officers in Nigeria say Lakurawa members are affiliated with the Malian teams however have for years settled in communities alongside the Nigeria-Niger border, marrying native ladies and recruiting youth.
Researchers tracing the origin of the group, nevertheless, observe that its members haven’t simply begun working. Initially, Lakurawa members had been herdsmen who would carry rifles for cover.
They fashioned an organised armed group after native leaders in rural communities of Gudu and Tangaza, in Nigeria’s Sokoto State, invited them to assist deal with armed bandits who had been then raiding communities for cash and cattle, and who helped immediate a kidnapping disaster in Nigeria.
Distant communities within the nation are sometimes ungoverned as a result of inadequacies of the nation’s native and state governments, permitting crime to thrive. The native leaders in Sokoto needed Lakurawa fighters to battle the bandits and shield the communities.
Lakurawa members had been in a position to dislodge the bandit risk between 2016 and 2017 and had been paid for his or her work. Nevertheless, the group’s members quickly turned on communities, too. They fell out with one of many native leaders who had invited them and murdered him.
Most Lakurawa fighters are believed to be between 18 and 50 and communicate Fulfulde, Hausa, and Arabic, based on the assume tank, Nigerian Institute of Worldwide Affairs. Fulfulde is primarily spoken by the Fulani group whose members are unfold throughout West Africa.
The Nigerian navy mentioned it had recognized a few of the group’s leaders: Abu Khadijah, Abdulrahaman (Idi), Dadi Gumba, Muhammed Abu, Usman Shehu, Abu Yusuf, Musa Walia, Ibrahim Suyaka, Ba Sulhu, and Idris Taklakse.
What do they need?
In its announcement in November, the Nigerian navy mentioned Lakurawa’s motivation or ideology is unknown.
Nevertheless, researchers who’ve spoken to communities affected by the violence say the group promotes its personal model of Islam and desires to hunt a caliphate.
In areas they govern, the group is believed to have imposed its personal model of Islamic regulation.
What have they carried out?
Members of Lakurawa have been attacking villages in Nigeria and Niger. They’re believed to carry territory in a number of villages, the place additionally they impose taxes on cattle.
As a tactic to draw extra followers and acquire native help, the group is alleged to be distributing cash, farm instruments, fertiliser, seeds, and water pumping machines to needy locals. Some estimates put financial compensation for brand new recruits at 1 million naira ($645), and about 10,000 naira ($6) for native informants.
Villagers who don’t cooperate with the group’s management face threats and assaults. Lakurawa-related violence has left dozens lifeless. In one of many newest assaults on November 9, the group’s raid on the Mera neighborhood in Nigeria’s Kebbi State left 15 individuals lifeless.
How is Nigeria responding?
Tensions between Nigeria and Niger have hindered a joint and built-in response to Lakurawa and given the group some leeway.
Niger’s navy seized energy in July 2023, however Nigeria, the present chief of the Financial Group of West African States (ECOWAS) regional bloc, has taken a tough line with the navy, asking for it to return the nation to civilian rule and free detained former President Mohamed Bazoum.
Earlier than Niger’s 2023 coup, each nations’ armies maintained joint border patrol operations. That motion is believed to have helped disperse the group in 2020.
Nevertheless, amid the tensions that adopted the coup, joint operations between the 2 nations had been disrupted. Authorities in Nigeria say that was about the identical time the group’s members re-grouped and started attacking communities once more, making the most of the safety vacuum as relations broke down additional. Joint border patrols have since resumed.
In late 2024, Nigeria launched operations towards the group. The navy has performed air strikes on targets believed to be Lakurawa members within the northern states affected, and floor assaults on the group’s camps.
Nigeria’s navy acknowledged in December that it mistakenly killed 10 civilians after an air strike on the group’s munition hideout within the villages of Gidan Bisa and Gidan Runtuwa, Sokoto State, brought on secondary explosions. The villages had been a excessive focus for the group, a military spokesperson mentioned.
What about Niger?
Niger’s authorities has not revealed whether or not it has performed particular operations concentrating on the group, and it’s unclear what elements of Niger are affected.
In an interview with native reporters in December, navy chief Basic Abdourahamane Tchiani blamed the group’s emergence on Nigeria and mentioned Abuja and France had been sponsoring the group to assault Niger.
The nation, a former colony of France, has fallen out with Paris over the 2023 coup. Equally, Mali and Burkina Faso, that are additionally dominated by navy governments, have fallen out with their former colonial chief, France.
Since, French President Emmanuel Macron has gotten nearer to Nigeria’s chief, Bola Ahmed Tinubu, resulting in the previous allies accusing Abuja of colluding with their enemy.
Tchianni, in a December interview, mentioned prime Nigerian officers, together with President Tinubu’s safety adviser, Nuhu Ribadu, had been a part of a plan to maintain armed fighters in border communities with a view to assault Niger.
“He is aware of about this however he has stored silent,” Tchiani mentioned.
The Nigerian authorities denied the allegations, saying they had been “within the realm of creativeness”.
